Cause of death in children suffering from nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic Syndrome

A person with Nephrotic Syndrome is susceptible to infection. Decades ago when antibiotics are not available, they were the leading cause of death in children with NS. Common types include pneumococcal infections, particularly peritonitis. Then why do people with the disease is more prone to infection?
In general, there are mainly 4 causes:
1. Weaker humoral immune function;
2. Weaker cellular immune function and complement system;
3. Protein malnutrition, edema induced local circulatory obstruction;
4. Application of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs for long time. In this case, patients are very protein to infection like a primary skin infection, respiratory tract infections, or even induced sepsis.
Moreover, infection may also lead to the relapse and aggravation of NS. So, it is essential for patients to take effective precautions through following the steps as below:
● Avoid any inducement.
Patients should protect themselves from being affected by a cold and over-strain work. It is advised for them to not go to the public places. For persons with symptoms like swelling, they should protect their skin and avoid injury or trauma.
● Strengthen the immune ability of the body.
Low-impact exercises like walking, jogging, golfing and so on are suitable for patients with NS. They can improve their own immunity with regular exercises. Besides, they can take some medicines under the doctor's prescription.
● Increase the intake of protein in daily diet.
For people with normal kidney function, patient can have a high quality protein diet through eating foods, such as lean meat, fish, eggs, etc.
We hope that the above suggestions can be helpful to you. email to sjzkidneyhospital@hotmail.com

iga nephropathy threat to children's health

iga nephropathy

IgA nephropathy (nuh-FROP-uh-thee), also known as Berger's disease, is a kidney disease that occurs when an antibody called immunoglobulin A (IgA) lodges in your kidneys. This results in local inflammation that, over time, may hamper your kidneys' ability to filter waste, excess water and electrolytes from your blood. Kidney damage may be indicated by blood and protein in your urine, high blood pressure and swollen feet.

IgA nephropathy usually progresses slowly over many years, but the course of the disease in each person is uncertain. Some people leak blood in their urine without developing problems, some eventually achieve complete remission, and others develop end-stage kidney failure.

No cure exists for IgA nephropathy, but certain medications can slow its course. Keeping your blood pressure under control and reducing your cholesterol levels also slow disease progression.

About 80% of children with IgA Nephropathy initiates the disease with hematuria which usually occurs after an Upper Respiratory Infection. Hematuria can exhibits in 24 to 72 hours after infection and this time hematuria can be seen by naked eyes (macroscopic hematuria). Some children are found tonsillar enlargement in this time; macroscopic hematuria may disappear after tonsillectomy.

Except above symptoms, children with IgA Nephropathy also can present Nephritis Syndrome (hematuria, massive proteinuria, edema and Hypertension). Hypertension usually signals exacerbation of the disease. However, only 5% of children are found of having Hypertension. Hypertension affects more adults with IgA Nephropathy than children. If people with IgA Nephropathy suffer from Hypertension, usually they have rapidly progressive kidney function deterioration. It is estimated that less than 5% of patients with IgA Nephropathy exhibit Rapidly Progressive Nephritic Syndrome.

IgA Nephropathy is a chronic kidney disease which can not be totally treated. But there are ways to control it well and to ensure the quality of life. The major treatment of IgA Nephropathy nowadays still relies on corticosteroids which can alleviate the symptoms quickly but may bring a lot of side effects to the patients. Therefore, patients with IgA Nephropathy should choose a safe and effective way to control the disease well.

Ask your doctor or Email to sjzkidneyhospital@hotmail.com with your disease report,we are glad to offer you more details directly as soon as possible.

Preventive measures IgA nephropath

 IgA nephropathy

IgA nephropathy is a disorder of the kidney. It may start with minor changes in the kidneys, but it can lead to chronic kidney disease or kidney failure.

Causes
IgA nephropathy is caused by a buildup of the IgA protein in the kidneys. IgA proteins help the body fight infections. There are more of these proteins when you have an infection like the cold or flu.

The protein buildup can damage the filters of the kidneys. These filters are needed to clean the blood as it passes through. If the filters are damaged, then the kidneys are not able to clean the blood. Minor damage to the filters will not cause any changes. Major damage will worsen your health. IgA nephropathy can also cause some blood and protein to leak into the urine.

Genetics may play a role in the buildup of IgA proteins in the kidney.

IgA nephropathy
Henoch schoenlein purpura
Symptoms
Early stages of IgA nephropathy rarely have symptoms.

The first sign of IgA nephropathy is often blood in the urine. It often occurs after an infection like a cold. Small amounts of blood in the urine may only be detected with a test. Larger amounts of blood in the urine can make the urine a pink or cola color.

Later stage symptoms may also include:Swelling of the hands and feet Repeated upper respiratory infections Fatigue Muscle pain Fever Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.

Your bodily fluids and tissues may be tested. This can be done with: Urine tests Blood tests Biopsy Treatment  There is no cure for IgA nephropathy. The goal of treatment is to slow damage to the kidneys. Your doctor will also make a plan to manage related symptoms, such as high blood pressure. Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include:
Medications
Depending on your symptoms and overall health, your doctor may suggest:

Medications to help control blood pressure and decrease protein loss in the urine
Cholesterol lowering medication
Corticosteroids to decrease inflammation in the body
Medications to suppress the immune system
Dietary Changes
Your doctor may recommend certain changes to your diet. The changes will depend on your overall health and your kidney function. Some changes may include:

Controlling protein in the diet by limiting or avoiding:
Most meats and dairy products
Gluten—protein found in wheat, rye, barley, and oats
Controlling salt in the diet
Dietary changes to manage blood cholesterol levels
Your doctor may also recommend certain supplements like fish oil. Talk to your doctor before starting any supplements.

Lifestyle Changes
Exercise can help with overall health. It can also help manage cholesterol and blood pressure.Don't smoke. If you smoke, quit.

Kidney Support
Dialysis takes over the job of the kidneys if they are not able to work well. It cannot cure the kidney damage, but it will help you feel better and decrease symptoms like high blood pressure.

A kidney transplant may be needed when illness has progressed and the kidneys have failed.

Treating and Preventing IgA Nephropathy

The cause of IgA nephropathy is not clear, so there are no known steps to prevent it.

Tell your doctor if you have a family history of IgA nephropathy. You and your doctor can watch for signs of the disease and manage issues like high blood pressure and cholesterol.

There is no specific treatment for IgA nephropathy. The goal is to reduce symptoms caused by the kidney's inability to work properly, and to try to avoid the problems this can cause, such as chronic renal failure.

The health care team may suggest dietary changes to reduce the amount of salt and protein intake. A registered dietitian can help draw up a healthy eating plan that takes this into account. Fish oils may be added to the diet. Corticosteroids and medications to suppress the immune system may also be used.

Hypertension (high blood pressure) may have been a warning sign of IgA nephropathy. If this is the case, it will be treated, usually with antihypertensive medications (medications for high blood pressure). Hypertension is also a complication of most kidney disorders. If blood pressure isn't already high when a person is diagnosed with IgA nephropathy, doctors will watch closely for its development. Lifestyle changes (e.g., diet, exercise, stress management) to help avoid getting high blood pressure might be recommended.
Last reviewed May 2014 by Adrienne Carmack, MD

Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.

To learn more about kidney disease-related knowledge, please contact one of our sites positive contact with our experts

How to prevent lupus erythematosus

Lupus kidney disease

Erythematosus (sle) is a multi-body systems involving multiple organs, clinical manifestations of complex, prolonged course of repeated autoimmune diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus can be divided erythematosus (SLE) and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) two categories. Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE), is a range of skin lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus and systemic lupus erythematosus between.

1 foster optimism, properly treat the disease and establish the confidence to overcome the disease, patterns of life, pay attention to work and rest, proper rest, to prevent infection.
2 to remove a variety of incentives, including a variety of possible internal use of drugs, chronic infection foci, etc., to avoid irritating topical medications and all external stimuli.
3 Avoid sunlight and ultraviolet radiation, especially in the event of need, to add sunlight painted anti-drugs such as quinine 3% ointment, ointment compound of titanium dioxide, 15% for ammonia benzoin limp ointment, others such as cold, X-ray, etc. too much can also cause increased exposure to the disease, can not be ignored.
4. hydralazine, procainamide, penicillamine, antibiotics and sulfa drugs to reasonable effect.
5 Patients should birth control, activities of the need to avoid pregnancy, renal impairment or if system damage who should strive to make early therapeutic abortion.

a variant of lupus erythematosus that resolves within days to months after withdrawal of the culprit drug in a patient with no underlying immune system dysfunction. DILE can arise months to years after exposure to drugs prescribed to treat various medical conditions (eg, antihypertensives, antibiotics, anticonvulsants). The most common drugs that cause DILE are hydralazine, procainamide, quinidine, isoniazid, diltiazem, and minocycline (see Etiology).[1]

Drug-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (DISCLE) is a DILE variant with predominant skin involvement, temporally related to drug exposure, and resolving after drug discontinuation.[2]

Care must be taken to correctly diagnose the symptoms of DILE and differentiate it from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and DILE should be recognized clinically and serologically for prompt intervention.

Although both SLE and DILE are autoimmune disorders and can have similar clinical and laboratory features (see Table 1 below), research suggests different mechanistic pathways (see Pathophysiology). Guidelines for diagnosis and management of SLE have been established.[3] Although the pathogenesis of DILE is not completely understood, a genetic predisposition may play a role, as has been shown with certain drugs metabolized by acetylation, such as procainamide or hydralazine.[4]
Drugs such as procainamide, chlorpromazine, and quinidine cause the production of antinuclear antibodies against the histone dimer H2A-H2B. Hydralazine forms antinuclear antibodies to H1 and the H3-H4 complex.[6] Drugs that cause DILE usually take months to years before the associated symptoms occur, whereas flares of SLE due to drugs may occur within hours to days.

Most patients with DILE have 1 or more clinical symptoms of SLE, such as arthralgias, lymphadenopathy, rash, and fever, and have had no prior history of autoimmune disease. However, certain manifestations typical in persons with SLE are not usually observed in persons with DILE (see Clinical).

No specific criteria establish the diagnosis of DILE, and excluding underlying autoimmune disease is not a simple process. DILE is typically diagnosed by a process of elimination to rule out SLE (see Differentials).

Symptoms of DILE usually clear within weeks of stopping the culprit drug. Generally, no other specific treatments are known. Low doses of systemic corticosteroids may be prescribed for short periods if the symptoms are severe

To learn more, please contact me:sjzhospitalrenal@hotmail.com