Chronic renal failure is caused by a variety of chronic diseases

chronic renal failure

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Chronic renal failure is caused by a variety of chronic diseases, kidney damage and deterioration of the results, so that the body in the excretion of metabolic waste and transfers of water, electrolytes, acid-base balance and other aspects of the clinical syndrome group panics. So what have chronic renal failure stage? The following will explain the analysis.

⑴ renal decompensation:

Being mortal glomerular filtration rate 120 ml per minute. This reduction in glomerular filtration rate 30-60 ml / min, reducing renal unit about 20% -25%. Despite the loss of storage capacity at this time kidney, but on the excretion of metabolites, regulating water, electrolyte and acid-base balance is still good, so no extra clinical manifestations, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen sometimes usually normal or slightly elevated.

⑵ azotemia:
This reduction of glomerular filtration rate 25 ml / min, reducing by 50% -70% of renal units, renal dysfunction concentrated, there nocturia or urine, varying degrees of anemia, often azotemia, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen levels. Clinically fatigue, loss of appetite, mild nausea and general discomfort. This neglect of renal function, such as body care or additional loads, such as severe vomiting, diarrhea, caused by hypovolemia, severe infection and the use of nephrotoxic drugs, etc., can cause rapid kidney function decline and failure.

⑶ renal failure:

Glomerular filtration rate was reduced to 10-15 ml per minute, nephron reduction of about 70% -90%, severely impaired renal function, metabolism and unable to maintain water and electrolyte and acid-base balance of the body. Impossible to maintain a stable internal environment, resulting in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen increased significantly diluted urine concentration dysfunction, acidosis, sodium retention, low calcium, high phosphorus, potassium and other balance disorders performance. May have significant anemia and gastrointestinal symptoms such as fatigue, lack of concentration, lack of energy and so on.

⑷ uremia(Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease):

Glomerular filtration rate dropped to 10 ml -15 ml per minute or less, more than 90% reduction in renal units, this period is late chronic renal failure, renal failure, these symptoms are more obvious manifestations of multiple organ failure, such as gastrointestinal, neurological, cardiovascular, hematopoietic system, respiratory system, skin and metabolic system imbalance. Clinically manifested as nausea, vomiting, irritability, high blood pressure, palpitation, chest tightness, not supine, breathing difficulties, severe anemia, convulsions, coma and severe, often hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, high phosphorus hyperlipidemia. This period must rely on dialysis to sustain life. Often due to hyperkalemia, cerebral edema, pulmonary edema, heart failure and sudden death.